Common kingfisher
(Alcedo atthis)[] | |
|---|---|
| Species ID: | 2-15-124-114-20867 |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Coraciiformes |
| Family: | Alcedinidae |
| Genus: | Alcedo |
| Conservation status: | LC - Least Concern (2016) |
| Global population: | 780,000 - 1,340,000 (2015) |
| Links: | ADW / IUCN Red List / Wikipedia |
Subspecies[]
- A. a. atthis (northern Africa & western Asia)
- A. a. bengalensis (southern & eastern Asia)
- A. a. floresiana (Bali & Timor)
- A. a. hispidoides (Sulawesi, New Guinea & western Pacific)
- A. a. ispida (Europe & Middle-East)
- A. a. solomonensis (Solomon Islands)
- A. a. taprobana (Sri Lanka & southern India)
Other Names[]
- Eurasian kingfisher
- European kingfisher
- River kingfisher
Physical Description[]
| Avg. length: | 16 - 17 cm |
|---|---|
| Avg. wingspan: | 24 - 26 cm |
| Avg. mass: | 34 (range 26 - 46) g |
| Colors: | Blue, Orange, White |
Lifespan[]
| Avg. lifespan in wild: | 7 - 15 (max 21) years |
|---|
Reproduction[]
| Mating system: | Monogamous |
|---|---|
| Breeding season: | April - October |
| Mode of reproduction: | Oviparous |
| Incubation period: | 19 - 21 days |
| Avg. clutch size: | 2 - 10 eggs |
| Parental care: | Shared |
| Breeding interval: | 2 - 3 per year |
| Maturity: | 1 year |
Behavior & Ecology[]
| Activity: | Diurnal |
|---|---|
| Sociality: | Solitary |
| Avg. group size: | 1 - 2 individuals |
| Movement: | Sedentary, Migratory |
| Avg. territory size: | 1 - 3.5 km² |
| Systems: | Freshwater, Aerial, Marine, Arboreal, Fossorial |
| Diet: | Fish, Aquatic insects, Larvae, Crustaceans |
| Predators: | Cats, Rats |
Habitats[]
Major[]
- 5.1 Permanent rivers
- 5.5 Permanent lakes
Suitable[]
- 1.7 Tropical/subtropical mangrove forests
- 4.6 Tropical/subtropical flooded grasslands
- 5.4 Swamps and peatlands
- 9.10 Estuaries
- 12.1 Rocky shorelines
- 12.6 Tidepools
- 14.4 Rural gardens
- 14.5 Urban areas
- 15.1 Water storage areas
- 15.2 Ponds
- 15.5 Open excavations
- 15.9 Canals and drainage channels
Distribution[]
Ecoregion range
Ecozones[]
Terrestrial Ecoregions[]
- AA0101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests
- AA0102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests
- AA0104 Buru rain forests
- AA0106 Halmahera rain forests
- AA0107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests
- AA0110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests
- AA0111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests
- AA0112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests
- AA0115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests
- AA0118 Seram rain forests
- AA0119 Solomon Islands rain forests
- AA0120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests
- AA0123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests
- AA0124 Sulawesi montane rain forests
- AA0125 Trobriand Islands rain forests
- AA0128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests
- AA0201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests
- AA0203 Sumba deciduous forests
- AA0204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests
- AA1401 New Guinea mangroves
- AT0801 Al Hajar montane woodlands
- AT1306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
- AT1317 Red Sea coastal desert
- IM0101 Andaman Islands rain forests
- IM0102 Borneo lowland rain forests
- IM0103 Borneo montane rain forests
- IM0104 Borneo peat swamp forests
- IM0105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests
- IM0106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests
- IM0107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests
- IM0108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests
- IM0109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests
- IM0111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests
- IM0112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests
- IM0113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests
- IM0114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests
- IM0115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
- IM0116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests
- IM0117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests
- IM0118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests
- IM0119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests
- IM0120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
- IM0121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests
- IM0122 Luzon montane rain forests
- IM0123 Luzon rain forests
- IM0124 Malabar Coast moist forests
- IM0126 Meghalaya subtropical forests
- IM0127 Mentawai Islands rain forests
- IM0128 Mindanao montane rain forests
- IM0129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests
- IM0130 Mindoro rain forests
- IM0131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests
- IM0132 Myanmar coastal rain forests
- IM0133 Nicobar Islands rain forests
- IM0134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
- IM0135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests
- IM0136 Northern Annamites rain forests
- IM0137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests
- IM0138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests
- IM0139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests
- IM0140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests
- IM0141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests
- IM0142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests
- IM0143 Palawan rain forests
- IM0144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests
- IM0145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests
- IM0146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests
- IM0147 Red River freshwater swamp forests
- IM0149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests
- IM0150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests
- IM0151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests
- IM0152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests
- IM0153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests
- IM0154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests
- IM0155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests
- IM0156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests
- IM0157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests
- IM0158 Sumatran lowland rain forests
- IM0159 Sumatran montane rain forests
- IM0160 Sumatran peat swamp forests
- IM0161 Sundaland heath forests
- IM0162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests
- IM0163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests
- IM0164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests
- IM0165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests
- IM0166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
- IM0167 Western Java montane rain forests
- IM0168 Western Java rain forests
- IM0169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests
- IM0170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests
- IM0171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests
- IM0172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests
- IM0201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
- IM0202 Central Indochina dry forests
- IM0203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests
- IM0204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests
- IM0205 Irrawaddy dry forests
- IM0206 Kathiawar-Gir dry deciduous forests
- IM0207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests
- IM0208 Northern dry deciduous forests
- IM0209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests
- IM0210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests
- IM0211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests
- IM0212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests
- IM0301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests
- IM0302 Luzon tropical pine forests
- IM0303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests
- IM0304 Sumatran tropical pine forests
- IM0401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests
- IM0402 Northern Triangle temperate forests
- IM0403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
- IM0501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
- IM0502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
- IM0701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
- IM0901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh
- IM1001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows
- IM1301 Deccan thorn scrub forests
- IM1302 Indus Valley desert
- IM1303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests
- IM1304 Thar desert
- IM1401 Godavari-Krishna mangroves
- IM1402 Indochina mangroves
- IM1403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves
- IM1404 Myanmar Coast mangroves
- IM1405 Sunda Shelf mangroves
- IM1406 Sundarbans mangroves
- PA0101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests
- PA0102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests
- PA0401 Appenine deciduous montane forests
- PA0402 Atlantic mixed forests
- PA0404 Balkan mixed forests
- PA0405 Baltic mixed forests
- PA0406 Cantabrian mixed forests
- PA0407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
- PA0408 Caucasus mixed forests
- PA0409 Celtic broadleaf forests
- PA0410 Central Anatolian deciduous forests
- PA0411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests
- PA0412 Central European mixed forests
- PA0413 Central Korean deciduous forests
- PA0414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests
- PA0415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests
- PA0416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
- PA0417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests
- PA0418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
- PA0419 East European forest steppe
- PA0421 English Lowlands beech forests
- PA0422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
- PA0423 Hokkaido deciduous forests
- PA0424 Huang He Plain mixed forests
- PA0426 Manchurian mixed forests
- PA0427 Nihonkai evergreen forests
- PA0428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests
- PA0430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests
- PA0431 Pannonian mixed forests
- PA0432 Po Basin mixed forests
- PA0433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
- PA0434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests
- PA0435 Rodope montane mixed forests
- PA0436 Sarmatic mixed forests
- PA0437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests
- PA0438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests
- PA0439 Southern Korea evergreen forests
- PA0440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests
- PA0441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests
- PA0443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests
- PA0444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests
- PA0445 Western European broadleaf forests
- PA0446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe
- PA0501 Alps conifer and mixed forests
- PA0502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe
- PA0503 Caledon conifer forests
- PA0504 Carpathian montane forests
- PA0505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests
- PA0506 East Afghan montane conifer forests
- PA0507 Elburz Range forest steppe
- PA0509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests
- PA0510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests
- PA0511 Honshu alpine conifer forests
- PA0513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
- PA0514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
- PA0515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
- PA0516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests
- PA0518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests
- PA0519 Sayan montane conifer forests
- PA0521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests
- PA0601 East Siberian taiga
- PA0603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests
- PA0606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
- PA0607 Sakhalin Island taiga
- PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
- PA0609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests
- PA0801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe
- PA0802 Altai steppe and semi-desert
- PA0804 Daurian forest steppe
- PA0805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
- PA0806 Emin Valley steppe
- PA0808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands
- PA0809 Kazakh forest steppe
- PA0810 Kazakh steppe
- PA0812 Middle East steppe
- PA0813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
- PA0814 Pontic steppe
- PA0815 Sayan Intermontane steppe
- PA0816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe
- PA0817 South Siberian forest steppe
- PA0818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe
- PA0901 Amur meadow steppe
- PA0902 Bohai Sea saline meadow
- PA0903 Nenjiang River grassland
- PA0904 Nile Delta flooded savanna
- PA0905 Saharan halophytics
- PA0906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh
- PA0907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows
- PA0908 Yellow Sea saline meadow
- PA1001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra
- PA1003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
- PA1004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow
- PA1005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow
- PA1006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe
- PA1010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe
- PA1012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
- PA1014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra
- PA1016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra
- PA1017 Southeast Tibet shrub and meadows
- PA1018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows
- PA1019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
- PA1021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
- PA1022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe
- PA1112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra
- PA1201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
- PA1202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
- PA1204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests
- PA1205 Crete Mediterranean forests
- PA1206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests
- PA1207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests
- PA1208 Iberian conifer forests
- PA1209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
- PA1210 Illyrian deciduous forests
- PA1211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
- PA1212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets
- PA1213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe
- PA1214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests
- PA1215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
- PA1216 Northwest Iberian montane forests
- PA1217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests
- PA1218 South Appenine mixed montane forests
- PA1219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands
- PA1220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
- PA1221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests
- PA1222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
- PA1301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert
- PA1303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands
- PA1305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
- PA1306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert
- PA1307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands
- PA1308 Caspian lowland desert
- PA1309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands
- PA1310 Central Asian northern desert
- PA1311 Central Asian riparian woodlands
- PA1312 Central Asian southern desert
- PA1313 Central Persian desert basins
- PA1314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe
- PA1315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe
- PA1316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe
- PA1317 Junggar Basin semi-desert
- PA1320 Mesopotamian shrub desert
- PA1321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands
- PA1322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands
- PA1323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert
- PA1325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
- PA1326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert
- PA1328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert