Animal Library Wikia
Red deer
(Cervus elaphus)[]
Species ID: 3-4-33-779-15132
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Cervidae
Genus: Cervus
Conservation status: LC - Least Concern (2015)
Global population: 2,400,000 (2005)
Population trend: Increasing
Links: ADW / IUCN Red List / Wikipedia

Subspecies[]

  • C. e. atlanticus (Norwegian red deer)
  • C. e. bactrianus (Bactrian/Bukhara/Bokhara deer/wapiti)
  • C. e. barbarus (Barbary stag/Atlas deer)
  • C. e. brauneri (Crimean red deer)
  • C. e. corsicanus (Corsican/Sardinian red deer)
  • C. e. hippelaphus (Central European/common red deer)
  • C. e. hispanicus (Spanish/Iberian red deer)
  • C. e. maral (Caspian/eastern red deer/maral/noble deer)
  • C. e. scoticus (Scottish red deer)
  • C. e. yarkandensis (Yarkand/Tarim red deer)

Physical Description[]

Avg. length: Males: 175 - 250 cm

Females: 160 - 210 cm

Avg. height: 75 - 150 cm
Avg. mass: Males: 160 - 240 kg

Females: 120 - 170 kg

Colors: Reddish-brown, Greyish-brown, Dark brown, Ashy-grey, Tan, Buff (rump)

Lifespan[]

Avg. lifespan in wild: 10 - 15 years
Avg. lifespan in captivity: 20 - 27 years

Reproduction[]

Mating system: Polygynous
Breeding season: August - November
Mode of reproduction: Viviparous
Gestation period: 235 - 262 days
Avg. litter size: 1 (max 2) calves
Parental care: Female
Breeding interval: 1 year
Maturity: Males: 6 years

Females: 1.5 - 2.5 years

Behavior & Ecology[]

Activity: Crepuscular
Sociality: Parasocial
Avg. group size: Max 50 individuals
Group ratio: 1 : 20
Movement: Migratory
Avg. territory size: 1554 km²
Elevation range: 0 - 5,000 m asl
Systems: Terrestrial
Diet: Leaves, Shrubs, Shoots, Grasses, Sedges, Forbs, Berries, Fruits, Seeds, Flowers, Woody plants, Mushrooms
Predators: Humans, Wolves & Dogs, Dholes, Bears, Leopards, Snow leopards / Lynx, Boars (calves)

Habitats[]

Major[]

  • 1.1 Boreal forests
  • 1.4 Temperate forests
  • 3.4 Temperate shrublands
  • 4.4 Temperate grasslands

Suitable[]

  • 6.1 Mountain cliffs and peaks

Marginal[]

  • 14.2 Pasturelands

Distribution[]

Cervus elaphus

Ecoregion range

Ecozones[]

Terrestrial Ecoregions[]

  • PA0401 Appenine deciduous montane forests
  • PA0402 Atlantic mixed forests
  • PA0404 Balkan mixed forests
  • PA0405 Baltic mixed forests
  • PA0406 Cantabrian mixed forests
  • PA0407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
  • PA0408 Caucasus mixed forests
  • PA0409 Celtic broadleaf forests
  • PA0410 Central Anatolian deciduous forests
  • PA0412 Central European mixed forests
  • PA0416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex
  • PA0418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
  • PA0419 East European forest steppe
  • PA0420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests
  • PA0421 English Lowlands beech forests
  • PA0422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests
  • PA0429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests
  • PA0431 Pannonian mixed forests
  • PA0432 Po Basin mixed forests
  • PA0433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests
  • PA0435 Rodope montane mixed forests
  • PA0436 Sarmatic mixed forests
  • PA0442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe
  • PA0445 Western European broadleaf forests
  • PA0446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe
  • PA0501 Alps conifer and mixed forests
  • PA0503 Caledon conifer forests
  • PA0504 Carpathian montane forests
  • PA0507 Elburz Range forest steppe
  • PA0513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests
  • PA0515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests
  • PA0520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests
  • PA0608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga
  • PA0801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe
  • PA0803 Central Anatolian steppe
  • PA0805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe
  • PA0808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands
  • PA0814 Pontic steppe
  • PA0818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe
  • PA1110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands
  • PA1201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests
  • PA1202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests
  • PA1204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests
  • PA1207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests
  • PA1208 Iberian conifer forests
  • PA1209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
  • PA1210 Illyrian deciduous forests
  • PA1211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests
  • PA1214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests
  • PA1215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests
  • PA1216 Northwest Iberian montane forests
  • PA1218 South Appenine mixed montane forests
  • PA1219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands
  • PA1220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
  • PA1221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests
  • PA1222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests
  • PA1305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe
  • PA1306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert
  • PA1310 Central Asian northern desert
  • PA1311 Central Asian riparian woodlands
  • PA1312 Central Asian southern desert
  • PA1330 Taklimakan desert